Part 1: Overview of the Law

Highlights

On 9 July 2024, law no. 155 of 2024, which issues the Unified Insurance Law (the “Law”), was enacted. This landmark legislation represents a comprehensive overhaul of Egypt’s insurance regulatory framework by consolidating and codifying existing regulations into a single comprehensive legislation. As a result, several related laws were repealed as of 10 July 2024, including:

1. Law No. 54 of 1975 promulgating the Private Insurance Funds Law.
2. Law No. 10 of 1981 promulgating the Insurance Regulation and Supervision Law.
3. Law No. 72 of 2007 promulgating the Compulsory Insurance for Civil Liability Arising from Accidents of Rapid Transit Vehicles Law.
4. Articles 747-771 of the Civil Law No. 131 of 1948.

Scope of Application

The Law governs all insurance and reinsurance activities, along with associated services, professions, and activities within Egypt. It stipulates that companies subject to the Law must be established as Egyptian joint-stock companies. The Financial Regulatory Authority (“FRA”) is granted exclusive authority to license, supervise, and regulate entities involved in these activities.

FRA Powers and Competencies

The Law provides the restructure of the FRA’s role in response to global and regional insurance market changes. It mandates the FRA to regulate and supervise all insurance and reinsurance activities, as well as their associated professions and services.

Key competencies of the FRA include, but are not limited to:

1. Regulating and supervising all entities involved in insurance activities.
2. Issuing rules and executive regulations governing such activities.
3. Establishing governance rules and disclosure requirements.
4. Setting requirements for consumer protection, anti-money laundering, and combating terrorism financing.
5. Defining rules for digital transformation within the sector.
6. Regulating the approval of insurance policy terms and templates.
7. Establishing investment guidelines for insurance and reinsurance companies and funds.

The Law imposes a new obligation on insurance companies to maintain the confidentiality of clients’ data, prohibiting the disclosure of such data without obtaining prior written consent, except where required by legislation.

It should be noted that the Law prohibits any individual or entity from engaging in insurance activities, directly or indirectly, without obtaining a license from the FRA.

Compliance Period

The Law provides a one (1) year compliance period from its effective date, which is on 11 July 2024, i.e. until 10 July 2025, for entities to comply with its provisions. The FRA may extend this period for additional terms, not exceeding three (3) years.

Objectives and Aims

The Law unifies existing insurance-related legislations, simplifying the regulatory landscape for companies in the insurance sector. Accordingly, it aims to:

1. Allow property insurance companies to expand their services to include credit and agricultural insurance.
2. Protect citizens by introducing new mandatory coverages, including professional liability insurance for doctors, lawyers, and accountants.
3. Address the essentials of compulsory motor vehicle insurance, as previously governed by Law No. 7 of 2007, enhancing industry social responsibility.
4. Increase access to micro-insurance by developing new products tailored to meet specific risks, such as agricultural insurance, to mitigate farmers’ losses.
5. Enhance transparency and accountability within private insurance funds by establishing clear governance procedures.
6. Allow property insurance companies to expand their services to include credit and agricultural insurance.

Dispute Resolution and Appeals

The Law stipulates that most insurance disputes will fall under the jurisdiction of the Egyptian Economic Courts (“ECC”), with certain exceptions adjudicated by the Council of State to expedite resolution. It establishes new Appeals Committees (the “Committee”) to handle appeals against administrative decisions made by the FRA, ensuring transparency in the enforcement of the Law. The composition of the Committee and the appeal process are defined by the Law. It should be noted that appeals must be filed within 30 (thirty) days of the decision’s issuance, and the Committee is required to issue a decision within 30 (thirty) days of receiving all relevant documents. The Committee’s decisions are final and binding. An appeal fee of twenty thousand Egyptian Pounds (EGP 20,000) shall be imposed, which is refundable if the decision is overturned.

Penalties

The Law introduces a range of penalties, in Articles 215-225, for violations related to insurance and reinsurance activities. These include fines ranging from one thousand to twenty million Egyptian Pounds (EGP 1,000 to 20,000,000), with the possibility of higher fines if the financial benefit from the violation exceeds these amounts. In certain cases, imprisonment may also be imposed.

Additionally, the court may prohibit individuals from engaging in insurance or reinsurance activities for up to three (3) years. Moreover, the concept of marginal responsibility is introduced, holding individuals managing companies accountable if they are aware of violations and fail to act. Companies are jointly and severally liable for any penalties or compensation arising from employees’ misconduct.

Major Violations

The Law provides several key violations, which include:

• Engaging in insurance or reinsurance activities, or any related profession, without obtaining a license from the FRA or proper registration.
• Performing the functions of private insurance funds without obtaining FRA registration or after removal from the register.
• Violating standards or professional rules set by the FRA’s Board of Directors.
• Deliberately failing to meet the obligations outlined in insurance documents.
• Representing insurance or reinsurance companies or brokers in Egypt without obtaining FRA licensing.
• Violating pricing regulations in personal insurance.
• Gaining benefits through fraudulent means or negligent reporting, including misrepresenting facts or omitting significant information.
• Delaying the submission of financial statements by insurance companies, private insurance funds, or other entities subject to the Law.

We are delighted to announce that ADSERO - Ragy Soliman has been included in the International Employment Lawyer (IEL) Elite Guide 2025, a prestigious guide to the world’s leading employment law practices. This recognition highlights our commitment to providing innovative and high-value legal advice to employers across the globe.

A special thank you to our dedicated team for their hard work and to our clients for their continued support and positive feedback. We are proud to be recognised among the top employment law teams, showcasing our expertise in advisory, disputes, and transactional work.

To learn more about the IEL Elite and view the full list, click here.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Alia Monieb, Partner and Head of Employment.

We advised Sylndr Egypt, an Egyptian used-car online marketplace, on securing an EGP 370 million working capital facility from a group of lenders, which consisted of EFG Corp-Solutions — the leasing and factoring arm of EFG Holding — alongside EFG Holding’s commercial bank Bank NXT, and EGBANK.

This transaction sets a new standard for scalable, ring-fenced capital financing specifically tailored for Sylndr’s highly complex legal and financial framework that acts as a base for any new lender to scale up the structured facility.

Our team was led by Hossam Gramon, Partner and Head of Banking & Project Finance, and Karima Seyam, Senior Associate, assisted by Aya Badr, Associate, and Junior Associates Mostafa Serry and Nour El Kholy.

Congratulations to Omar El Defrawy, Omar Ezzat, and Amal Fathy of Sylndr.

Pleased to have worked alongside our colleagues, Amira Sherif of Sarie Eldin & Partners Legal Advisors, Talal Elayat, Maie Hamdy, and Marwan El Didi of EFG Holding, Amr Khaled of Bank NXT, and Karim Shabana of EG Bank.

For more information, check out Enterprise’s coverage here.

We advised Ezdehar Management (Ezdehar), an Egypt-based private equity firm, on the full acquisition of Zahran Market after purchasing the remaining 40% stake.

This deal marks the completion of a two-year collaboration with the Zahran family, focusing on modernising operations and enhancing management systems, highlighting Ezdehar’s commitment to Egypt’s retail sector.

Our team was led by Ragy Soliman, Managing Partner and Co-Head of M&A and Capital Markets, Dina Sherif, Counsel, and Yomna Taha, Managing Associate.

Congratulations to Amir Mishriky, Amr ElSalanekly, and Diyar Hozaien of Ezdehar.

Pleased to have worked alongside our colleagues Saifallah Kadry and Ali Abu Zeid at Matouk Bassiouny, legal advisors to Zahran Market, and Ahmed Hussein at Compass Capital, the financial advisors to Zahran Market.

For more information, check out Enterprise’s coverage here.

We are pleased to share our latest report highlighting the laws and decrees issued in the third quarter of 2024.

To access the report, click on the attachment below.

If you are interested in acquiring a copy of the legislation and keen on remaining up to date with the most recent laws and decrees, sign up here.

We are pleased to share ADSERO’s contribution to the newly updated International Employment Lawyer’s Guide to Whistleblowing. As organisations navigate an evolving legislative landscape focused on accountability, this guide addresses key challenges in protecting individuals who report corporate misconduct.

Contributed by Alia Monieb, Partner and Head of Employment; Nada Khaled, Managing Associate; Hoda Khira, Junior Associate; and Khaled Omar, Junior Associate, the Egyptian law chapter offers practical insights into compliance requirements, reporting mechanisms, and the legal protections available for whistleblowers, helping employers effectively manage associated risks.

Explore the guide and learn more about whistleblowing protections across various jurisdictions here.

Overview

In the complex landscape of Egyptian business law, the concept of fully functional joint ventures (“JV”) plays a crucial role in determining the application of merger control regimes. This article explores the essential criteria for assessing fully functional JVs and their implications for businesses operating in Egypt.

Understanding Fully Functional JVs

A fully functional JV is an entity that operates autonomously on a lasting basis, performing all the functions typically associated with independent businesses in its market. The Egyptian Competition Authority (the “ECA”) and the European Commission (the “EC”) provide guidance on assessing these JVs, which is particularly relevant in the context of Egypt’s evolving business environment.

Key Assessment Criteria

Joint Control

For a JV to be considered fully functional, it must be jointly controlled by 2 (two) or more entities. This control can result from either the establishment of a new entity or the acquisition of an existing one.

Operational Independence

A crucial aspect of fully functional JVs is their ability to operate independently in the market. This requires:

• dedicated management for day-to-day operations;
• access to sufficient resources, including finance, staff, and assets; and
• the ability to make autonomous decisions.

Interestingly, the EC allows for some flexibility in staffing arrangements. Personnel may be procured from third parties or seconded from parent companies, provided this aligns with industry standards or is limited to a start-up period.

Beyond Auxiliary Functions

To be considered fully functional, a JV must perform activities beyond mere auxiliary functions for its parent companies. It should have its own presence and purpose in the market, rather than simply supporting its parents’ operations.

Commercial Relationships with Parents

The JV’s relationship with its parent companies is a critical factor in assessing its functionality. While some level of interaction is expected, the JV should maintain a degree of independence:

• Sales to parents: If more than 50% (fifty per cent) of turnover comes from third parties, this generally indicates full functionality. Below this threshold, a case-by-case analysis is required.
• Purchases from parents: The JV should add significant value to products or services acquired from parents to be considered fully functional.

Lasting Operations

The ECA presumes that a JV operates on a lasting basis if its duration is not predetermined. However, if a specific duration is set, it must be sufficient given the nature of the market. Additionally, the EC notes that JVs established for short-term, specific projects may not meet this criterion.

Implications for Businesses

Understanding these criteria is crucial for businesses considering JVs in Egypt. Fully functional JVs may trigger merger control notifications, while changes in a JV’s activities could be considered a new concentration requiring fresh assessment. As Egypt continues to attract foreign investment and local businesses expand, the proper structuring of JVs becomes increasingly important. Companies must carefully consider these factors to ensure compliance with competition law and to maximise the strategic benefits of their JV.

Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of ADSERO. This article is for general information purposes only and is not intended to be and should not be taken as legal advice. Readers should consult with a qualified attorney for specific legal guidance. ADSERO does not guarantee or warrant the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information presented and assumes no liability or responsibility for any errors or omissions in the content.

We advised Telecom Egypt (TE) in the successful signing of a long-term EGP 18 billion syndicated loan facility aimed at financing the company’s operations through a syndication of 13 banks, led by CIB Egypt and Banque Misr as Initial Mandated Lead Arrangers and Bookrunners, along with the National Bank of Egypt (NBE) as Mandated Lead Arranger and Bookrunner.

The syndication of banks is comprised of CIB, Banque Misr, NBE, First Abu Dhabi Bank Misr (FABMISR), QNB Egypt, Ahli United Bank - Kuwait, Arab African International Bank, Banque du Caire, Bank NXT, Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, Credit Agricole Egypt, Bank ABC in Egypt, and MIDBANK.

TE will use this new seven-year syndicated facility to refinance its existing short-term EGP facilities. The refinancing comes at a strategic juncture, aligning with TE’s ongoing efforts to improve its cash flow, ensure adequate liquidity, and enhance financial flexibility as the company executes its long-term growth plans.

Our team was led by Hossam Gramon, Partner and Head of Banking & Project Finance, and Karima Seyam, Senior Associate, assisted by Aya Badr, Associate, and Junior Associates Mostafa Serry, Nour El Kholy, and Nour Osama.

Congratulations to the TE team Mohamed Nasr, Wael Hanafy, Ashraf Fawzi, Walid Fahmi, Dr Marwa Abdelfatah, Eman Mesak, Eman Abdelsatar and Shaymaa El Maghraby on this groundbreaking deal.

Pleased to have worked alongside our colleagues Ragia Omran, Ibrahim Waël Abdelwadoud, and Iten Osama from Zaki Hashem, Attorneys at Law.

For more information, check out جريدة المال new’s coverage here.

We are pleased to announce ADSERO - Ragy Soliman & Partners' contribution to the latest edition of the Global Guide Quarterly (GGQ) published by Littler. Our insights, provided by Alia Monieb, Partner and Head of Employment, and Rawan Roshdy, Associate, highlight key developments in labour and employment (L&E) law in Egypt.

The GGQ is a quarterly newsletter that offers concise coverage of global L&E law developments in key countries across the Americas, Asia-Pacific, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. It serves as an essential resource for multinational enterprises to stay informed about important changes in the L&E law framework.

Read our overview here.

Highlights

On 28 August 2024, the Egyptian Financial Regulatory Authority (“FRA”) issued decree no. 178 of 2024 (the “Decree”), which entered into force the following day of its publication. This Decree governs the acquisition, control, and mergers of companies engaged in non-banking financial activities. It introduces new approval requirements designed to enhance transparency and promote competitive practices within Egypt’s non-banking financial sector.

Key Provisions

1. Scope of Application:

The Decree applies to companies involved in non-banking financial activities, such as insurance, financial leasing, factoring, mortgage, and consumer finance. It also covers entities seeking ownership control or planning mergers within this sector. Actions include establishing new entities, acquiring shares, issuing shares due to mergers, capital amendments, or restructuring require FRA approval, particularly for share acquisitions, ownership control, and mergers.

2. Approval for Acquisitions and Control:

Entities intending to acquire a stake of 10% (ten per cent) or more in a company operating in non-banking financial activities must submit a formal request to the FRA. Approval is necessary for direct and indirect acquisitions or mergers. Companies are required to disclose all shareholder and governance changes during the approval process.

3. Ownership Restrictions:

Entities seeking to own or control more than 10% (ten per cent) of a company’s share capital must obtain prior approval from the FRA. If ownership or control exceeds 25% (twenty-five per cent), additional documentation must be submitted to the FRA. This includes the rationale behind the acquisition or control, the future investment plan, and, if the applicant is a foreign financial entity, documentation proving that it is subject to the supervision of a regulatory authority in its home country. This regulatory authority must have functions similar to those of the Central Bank of Egypt or the FRA in the relevant field of activity.

4. Merger Requirements:

Companies planning to merge must submit comprehensive documentation to the FRA, including the rationale for the merger, draft resolutions, and auditors’ reports on the companies involved. The FRA will assess factors such as market impact, competition, and shareholder interests during the approval process.

5. Review Process and Duration:

The FRA will issue its decision within  45 (forty-five) days of receiving a complete application. The decision remains valid for 6 (six) months, during which the applicant must finalise the acquisition or control; it may be extended once for an additional 6 (six) months. The FRA’s decision will consider factors such as the applicant’s financial capability, business experience, potential impacts on market competition, and the applicant’s legal and financial track record. The FRA must seek the opinion of the Egyptian Competition Authority when considering applications for ownership or control that could impact market competition, especially if any of the cases stipulated in Article 19 of Law No. 3 of 2005 and Article 53 of its Executive Regulations occur.

Concerned Entities

The Decision impacts:

• Companies operating in Egypt’s non-banking financial sector.
• Investors seeking significant shareholding or control in such companies.
• Merging entities requiring regulatory clearance for combining operations.

Important Stipulations

• Companies must apply for FRA approval at least 60 (sixty) days before finalising any acquisition or merger.
• The FRA reserves the right to grant or reject approvals if an entity fails to comply with the set requirements or if an acquisition negatively impacts market competition.

We advised UMX Studio, one of Saudi Arabia’s pioneering game development studios, in its recent acquisition by Jetapult, a global strategic investment company in the gaming sector backed by Accel.

This transaction marks Jetapult’s first investment in the MENA region. It aims to expand its electronic games portfolio, target new global audiences, and open doors for international investors in Saudi Arabia’s gaming industry. Additionally, it highlights Saudi Vision 2030’s goal of becoming a regional hub for video gaming and e-sports.

Our team was led by Ibrahim ElGengehy, Partner, assisted by Soha Hussein, Associate, and Youssef Abdelkader, Junior Associate.

Congratulations to Ali Al-Harbi, Founder of UMX Studio, and the seasoned team on this achievement.

Pleased to have worked alongside our colleagues from Catalyst Partners, UMX Studio’s financial advisors: Abdelaziz Abdel Nabi, Co-Founder; Ramy Osman, Partner; and Mohamed Akmal, Director; as well as Jerome Merchant + Partners.

For more information, check out Amwal Al Ghad's coverage here.

Highlights

On 28 August 2024, the Egyptian Financial Regulatory Authority (“FRA”) issued decision no. 177 of 2024 (the “Decision”), outlining updated conditions for licensing and renewing licenses for companies engaged in non-banking financial activities. This Decision aims to regulate the licensing processes, ensuring companies comply with financial laws while fostering transparency and growth in the financial sector.

Key Provisions

1. Scope of Application:

• The Decision applies to all companies engaged in non-banking financial activities, including insurance companies, financial leasing, factoring, mortgage finance, consumer finance, and fintech, among others.
• It covers new licensing applications, license renewals, and the ownership structure requirements for such companies.

2. License Requirements:

• Companies must meet strict financial and operational criteria to obtain or renew their licenses. This includes ensuring a minimum capital investment and demonstrating expertise in the relevant non-banking financial fields.
• Companies must provide detailed financial and economic feasibility studies and comply with FRA’s governance standards, including board structure and management qualifications.

3. Ownership and Investment Rules:

• Companies must have at least 25% (twenty-five per cent) of their capital owned by a financial institution or qualified investor. A qualified investor is defined as one who holds at least EGP 5,000,000 (five million Egyptian pounds) in liquid assets and has relevant experience in financial activities.
• Any individual or entity owning more than 10% (ten per cent) of the company’s shares must obtain prior approval from the FRA.

4. Corporate Governance:

The Decision requires companies to have a clear corporate governance framework, ensuring accountability and transparency. For instance:

• At least 25% (twenty-five per cent) of the board must be composed of independent members.
• Cumulative voting methods must be used to elect board members.
• Women must represent no less than 25% (twenty-five per cent) of the board members.
• Companies must inform the FRA before changing the company’s board.

5. Timeframe:

• 6 (six) months to complete establishment procedures after preliminary approval (extendable).
• 3 (three) months to fulfil licensing requirements after commercial registration (extendable).
• 6 (six) months to start operations after obtaining the license (extendable).

Concerned Entities

The Decision impacts:

• Companies involved in non-banking financial services.
• Qualified investors and financial institutions holding or intending to acquire a significant share in such companies.
• Potential market entrants seeking new licenses to operate in Egypt’s non-banking financial sector.

Important Stipulations

• Companies must submit applications for renewal 6 (six) months prior to the license expiration date.
• The FRA reserves the right to suspend or revoke licenses if companies fail to comply with operational and financial criteria.
• If ownership transfers exceed 10% (ten per cent) of shares, companies must notify the FRA and seek approval to avoid penalties.

Introduction

In April 2024, two Prime Minister Decrees amended and complemented the waste management regulations in Egypt.

The Prime Minister’s Decree No. 1113 of 2024 introduced new amendments to the Executive Regulations of the waste management law No. 202 of 2020 (the “WM Law”) issued by virtue of the Prime Minister’s Decree No. 722 of 2022 (the“WM ER”) to better regulate hazardous waste landfills by clarifying its definition, providing exemptions for certain requirements and amending the regulations for the fees collected in return for integrated waste management services.

In parallel, Prime Minister Decree No. 1114 of 2024 was issued to determine the fees in return for integrated waste management services for constructed units and vacant lands.

1. Prime Minister’s Decree No. 1113 of 2024 (the "Amendment")

According to this decree, the following amendments were made:

A. Amendment of the Definition of Hazardous Waste Landfills

Hazardous waste landfills form an essential final step of the integrated waste management system to dispose of solid hazardous waste. Given the risks in question, the establishment of hazardous waste landfills must comply with precautionary measures for the safe disposal of waste while ensuring the preservation of the environment.

Under the WM ER, the original definition given to hazardous waste landfills simply defined the landfills by their different components. However, the definition was amended to focus on the processes and systems required for implementing a proper hazardous waste landfill.

According to the Amendment, a hazardous waste landfill consists of a single cell or multiple cells and is used for the final disposal of hazardous waste in its solid form. The hazardous waste landfill is designed, implemented, and operated according to special requirements commensurate with the characteristics of the hazardous waste that is disposed of in each cell in a safe manner. The Amendment poses that the following systems shall form an integral part of the hazardous waste landfill:

• double system for insulating the bottom of the landfill;
• system for collecting and treating gaseous emissions;
• system for collecting and treating leachate;
• system for collecting rainwater;
• system for receiving hazardous waste upon its arrival to classify it and determine the place and method of burial;
• system for detecting and monitoring leakage and the system for the safe closure of the vault cells; and
• post-closure management system.

The new definition of a hazardous waste landfill outlined in the Amendment to the WM ER also aligns with the definition provided for waste pits under Environmental Law No. 4 of 1994.

B. Other Amendments

• Sanitation Funds and the Disbursement of Waste Management Fees (Article 29 of the WM ER)
  
  Article 29 of the WM ER was amended to change the regulation of the monthly service fees collected directly through the integrated municipal waste management units present in each governorate, centre, city, neighbourhood, village, and in the New Urban Communities Authority (“NUCA”), or indirectly, through third parties. The fees are collected from any constructed units and vacant lands stipulated under Article 34 of the WM Law in return for undertaking one or all integrated waste management services.
  
  Decree No. 1114 of 2024 details the manner of imposing the fees on the different units and lands subject to these fees (please see below).
  
  Article 29 was amended to stipulate that the proceeds of the fees shall be deposited in the sub-accounts of the sanitation funds explicitly established for each governorate or NUCA. Previously, Article 29 stated that the fees should be collected and deposited in a unified central account established at the Central Bank of Egypt in preparation for their transfer to the sub-accounts of the sanitation funds in the governorates.
  
  These funds shall be disbursed to support the integrated management services system according to their need to enable the integrated management units to carry out their activity. The Waste Management Regulation Authority (“WMRA”) shall technically assess the actual needs of the integrated management units through a technical assessment report issued monthly by the WMRA in collaboration with the competent authorities.
  
  
• Distance Requirement for Waste Management Activities (Article 25 of the WM ER)
  
  Moreover, the WM ER stipulates the requirements for the receipt, treatment, and final disposal of non-hazardous waste and lays down distance requirements for establishing hazardous waste landfills or carrying out integrated waste management services. The Amendment added a paragraph to Article 25 to establish a general exemption to the distance requirements upon the approval of the WMRA. It shall be based on a request from the competent administrative authority due to exigent circumstances or regional conditions.
  
  In this case, the distance requirement between the cities and the hazardous waste landfills, as stipulated in Article 25, may be reduced after the competent ministry gives its opinion. The Amendment establishes that, in all cases, the application of this exemption shall not violate the health, environment, safety, and public safety considerations.
  
  The WMRA shall respond to the submitted request from the competent administrative authority within one month from the date of its submission. Failure to respond within this timeframe shall be deemed an approval of the request by the WMRA.
  
  Finally, the Amendment cancelled the subclause under Article 25 of the WM ER, which regulated the licensing of intermediate waste transfer stations (the “Intermediate Stations”) (Article 25, paragraph A, subclause No. 5).
  
  The WM ER defines an Intermediate Station as a loading or storage waste facility with a maximum duration of 24 (twenty-four) hours, established as a complementary system for municipal waste transfer operations. The Intermediate Stations are used by municipal waste collection vehicles and mechanical sweepers throughout their operation, which is conducted during the day to reduce the overall waste collection costs and transportation from generation points to the final treatment facilities and hazardous waste landfills. The operational capacity of the Intermediate Stations, trucks, and equipment should be proportionate with the volume and quantity of waste received from a specific area or service area.
  
  While the subclause regarding the process for licensing such Intermediate Stations was cancelled, the definition of such remains.

2. Prime Minister’s Decree No. 1114 of 2024

This decree determines the integrated municipal solid waste management fee depending on the imposed units and entities.

A. Fee Categories

The decree introduced a table of fees for the integrated waste management monthly fees to complement the WM ER, which are determined depending on:

• the level at which the integrated waste management unit is operating, whether in governorates, cities, neighbourhoods, villages, or new urban community agencies; and
• the nature of the facility imposed, which is divided into four main categories:
  • residential units;
  • independent commercial units and units used as premises for independent professions;
  • government entities, public bodies, public sector companies, public business sector, hospitals, healthcare facilities, and private and governmental educational institutions; and
  • commercial, industrial, and touristic establishments and vacant lands used for commercial activities, companies, private sector administrative buildings, shopping centres, hotels, sports facilities, and similar facilities or activities.

B. Exemption

The decree exempts places of worship from paying the fees as a whole and micro-enterprises from paying half of the prescribed fees to encourage them and alleviate the burden of fees.

C. Collection

Finally, the decree gives competence for fee collection to two different authorities, as follows:

1. the electricity distribution companies shall be the competent fee collector for the fees imposed on (i) residential units and (ii) independent commercial units and units used for independent professions, such as North Cairo Electricity Distribution Company or South Cairo Electricity Distribution Company; and
2. the competent administrative authorities or those responsible for granting the licenses for the activities and to the establishments, as the case may be, shall be responsible for collecting the fees from (iii) the government entities and public bodies and (iv) the private sector entities and lands.

Xổ Số Gia Lai: Cổng Vào Thế Giới Của Những Giấc Mơ Lớn

Xổ số Gia Lai là một trong những hình thức giải trí thu hút sự quan tâm của nhiều người dân tại tỉnh Gia Lai. Với những giải thưởng hấp dẫn và cơ hội trúng lớn, xổ số không chỉ mang lại niềm vui mà còn hứa hẹn một tương lai tươi sáng cho những ai tham gia. Trong bài viết này, chúng ta sẽ cùng rồng bạch kim 247 tìm hiểu về xổ số Gia Lai từ các khía cạnh khác nhau, bao gồm lịch sử, cách chơi, những điều cần lưu ý cũng như tâm lý của người chơi.

Lịch sử xổ số Gia Lai

Lịch sử của xổ số Gia Lai gắn liền với sự phát triển chung của ngành xổ số Việt Nam. Để hiểu rõ hơn về nguồn gốc và sự hình thành của xổ số tại vùng đất này, chúng ta hãy cùng khám phá.

Nguồn gốc của xổ số tại Việt Nam

Ngành xổ số bắt đầu xuất hiện tại Việt Nam vào khoảng giữa thế kỷ 20. Trong bối cảnh kinh tế khó khăn, việc tổ chức xổ số được xem như một phương tiện để huy động vốn cho các dự án phát triển tại các địa phương.

Với sự phát triển của xã hội, xổ số đã nhanh chóng trở thành một trò chơi phổ biến, không chỉ giúp cho chính quyền địa phương có thêm nguồn thu mà còn tạo ra cơ hội cho người dân thay đổi cuộc sống.

Hình thành xổ số Gia Lai

Tại tỉnh Gia Lai, xổ số chính thức được tổ chức vào những năm đầu của thế kỷ 21. Ngành xổ số nơi đây không chỉ phục vụ nhu cầu giải trí mà còn hỗ trợ cho nhiều hoạt động xã hội, giáo dục và y tế.

Với những giải thưởng hấp dẫn, xổ số Gia Lai nhanh chóng thu hút sự tham gia của đông đảo người dân địa phương. Sự kiện này không chỉ mang lại lợi ích kinh tế mà còn tạo ra sân chơi thú vị cho mọi lứa tuổi.

Những cột mốc đáng chú ý trong lịch sử xổ số Gia Lai

Trong hành trình phát triển của mình, xổ số Gia Lai đã trải qua nhiều thăng trầm. Những cột mốc đáng nhớ như việc mở rộng hình thức xổ số trực tuyến hay tổ chức các sự kiện xổ số lớn đều góp phần làm tăng thêm sức hút của trò chơi này.

Cách chơi xổ số Gia Lai

Khi hiểu rõ về xổ số Gia Lai, điều tiếp theo mà người chơi cần nắm vững là cách thức tham gia. Vậy làm thế nào để có thể chơi xổ số một cách hiệu quả nhất?

Lịch sử xổ số Gia Lai

Các loại hình xổ số hiện có

Xổ số Gia Lai hiện nay chủ yếu bao gồm hai loại: xổ số truyền thống và xổ số điện toán.

Xổ số truyền thống thường diễn ra vào các ngày cố định trong tuần và người chơi sẽ chọn một dãy số mà họ tin rằng sẽ trúng giải.

Trong khi đó, xổ số điện toán cho phép người chơi đặt cược vào các con số được lựa chọn từ máy tính, tạo ra sự phong phú và đa dạng cho người chơi.

Quy trình mua vé xổ số

Để tham gia xổ số Gia Lai, trước tiên người chơi cần mua vé số từ các đại lý hoặc trang web chính thức của xổ số. Vé số thường có giá trị thấp, nhưng cơ hội trúng thưởng lại rất cao.

Khi đã sở hữu vé số, người chơi chỉ cần chờ đến ngày quay số để xem liệu mình có may mắn trúng thưởng hay không. Quá trình này không chỉ đơn thuần là xác định người chiến thắng mà còn tạo ra không khí hồi hộp, phấn khích cho tất cả mọi người tham gia.

Cách kiểm tra kết quả xổ số

Sau khi kết thúc quá trình quay số, kết quả xổ số sẽ được công bố công khai qua nhiều phương tiện truyền thông. Người chơi có thể theo dõi kết quả trên truyền hình, báo chí hoặc các trang mạng xã hội.

Ngoài ra, để kiểm tra kết quả một cách nhanh chóng, người chơi có thể truy cập vào trang web chính thức của xổ số Gia Lai. Việc này không chỉ giúp tiết kiệm thời gian mà còn đảm bảo độ chính xác tối đa cho người chơi.

Những điều cần lưu ý khi tham gia xổ số

Dù có nhiều cơ hội để trúng thưởng, nhưng người chơi cũng cần hết sức cẩn trọng. Quan trọng nhất là người chơi phải đặt ra một ngân sách cụ thể và không nên vượt qua giới hạn tài chính của bản thân.

Thêm vào đó, việc chọn số để chơi cũng cần dựa vào cảm giác và may mắn của mỗi cá nhân. Một số người tin vào việc chọn số theo ngày sinh, trong khi đó, một số khác lại thích chọn ngẫu nhiên.

Tâm lý người chơi xổ số Gia Lai

Tâm lý của người chơi xổ số đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong quyết định tham gia trò chơi này. Vậy người chơi thường suy nghĩ như thế nào trước, trong và sau khi tham gia xổ số?

Hy vọng và ước mơ trúng thưởng

Mỗi tấm vé xổ số mang trong mình một ước mơ. Nhiều người chơi hy vọng rằng, chỉ với một tấm vé, cuộc sống của họ sẽ thay đổi mãi mãi.

Không chỉ là tiền bạc, mà còn là những cơ hội mới, những kế hoạch tương lai và cả những giấc mơ lớn lao. Điều này tạo ra một cảm giác hồi hộp và mong đợi, khiến cho trò chơi trở nên thú vị hơn bao giờ hết.

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Áp lực và thất vọng sau mỗi lần quay số

Tuy nhiên, không phải lúc nào người chơi cũng gặp may mắn. Khi không trúng thưởng, cảm giác thất vọng là điều không thể tránh khỏi.

Nhiều người có thể rơi vào trạng thái buồn bã, thậm chí cảm thấy áp lực vì đã chi tiêu quá nhiều cho xổ số. Đây là một thực tế mà người chơi cần đối mặt và quản lý tâm lý của mình.

Cách chơi xổ số Gia Lai

Nhận thức về rủi ro và trách nhiệm

Một điều quan trọng khác mà người chơi cần nhận thức là xổ số chỉ nên được coi là một hình thức giải trí chứ không phải một cách để kiếm sống.

Người chơi nên có trách nhiệm với bản thân và ngân sách của mình. Việc giữ cho tâm lý thoải mái và không phụ thuộc vào việc trúng thưởng sẽ giúp người chơi tận hưởng trò chơi một cách tốt nhất.

Tác động của xổ số đến cộng đồng

Cuối cùng, cũng cần đề cập đến tác động tích cực mà xổ số Gia Lai mang lại cho cộng đồng. Doanh thu từ xổ số thường được dành cho các hoạt động an sinh xã hội, xây dựng cơ sở hạ tầng và phát triển giáo dục tại địa phương.

Điều này không chỉ giúp cải thiện đời sống của người dân mà còn tạo ra một môi trường sống tốt đẹp hơn. Chính vì vậy, xổ số Gia Lai không chỉ là một trò chơi mà còn là một phần trong tiến trình phát triển của cộng đồng.

Kết luận

Xổ số Gia Lai là một hình thức giải trí thú vị và độc đáo, mang lại niềm vui và cơ hội cho nhiều người dân. Qua bài viết này, chúng ta đã cùng nhau tìm hiểu về lịch sử, cách chơi, tâm lý người chơi cũng như những tác động tích cực của xổ số đến cộng đồng.

Hy vọng rằng thông qua những thông tin chia sẻ, bạn đọc sẽ có cái nhìn sâu sắc hơn về xổ số Gia Lai và đưa ra những quyết định hợp lý khi tham gia. Chúc bạn may mắn trong những lần chơi xổ số tiếp theo!